Propensity-matched analysis is a method used in research to reduce bias and confounding when comparing groups of subjects or study participants. It involves matching individuals who share similar characteristics or propensity scores, which are estimates of the likelihood of being assigned to a particular treatment or exposure group. By matching participants based on these scores, researchers can more accurately assess the effects of a treatment or intervention, as they can be more confident that any differences observed between groups are due to the treatment or exposure, rather than other factors. This method is commonly used in observational or non-randomized studies to improve the validity of the findings.